upFront.eZine News Archives

Siggraph is Back

Issue #989

 

by Ralph Grabowski The Siggraph computer graphics conference returned to Vancouver (Canada) this year, meaning it cost me only a half-tank of gas to attend it. Also returning are attendees, with roughly 18,000 making the trek to the five-day event -- up from the last few years. The dip seems to be over, said Jon Peddie, a Siggraph co-founder who tracks the stats. Part of the Siggraph show flow in Vancouver, Canada The curious name of Siggraph derives from "SIG (special interest group), graph (graphics)," a term more common in the 1980s than today. I first attended the show in the late 1980s, when there still was a deliberate CAD component to it.  The show has since had little to do with CAD, although Lenovo chose this Siggraph to unveil their new, really-thin (3/4") engineering and DCC [digital content creation] P1 laptop with (up to) 64GB RAM, (up to) 4TB solid state drive, (up to) 4K resolution, (up to) Xenon CPU, but starting at US$2,000. ESRI and ANSYS were the only ones to have booths that could be remotely linked to CAD software, along with a more modest booth from the money-losing Media & Entertainment division of Autodesk. My professional photographer daughter came along for the day, and she noted that technology which was "WOW!" just a few years ago had become common-place today, like 3D printers (every other booth seemed to have one -- or several of them) and black motion-capture suits covering unhappy-looking models. Indeed, the exhibition floor to me lacked the wow-factor of previous years. A good sign of maturity, given the excesses of "3D TV is for real!" hype of a half-decade ago.   The Back of the Show The back of the exhibition floor is the most interesting part. Dozens of small booths are hosted by new companies showing us their fresh technology. One of them attempted to 3D-print a BiC-like pen: ink on the interior and clear plastic on the exterior. The result was not pretty, and my daughter pointed out a hand-printed sign warning of getting leaking ink on your fingers -- I quickly put back the pen I was holding. Another firm figured out how to add delicate strings of LED lights to the insides of shirts, lights that outlined the patterns in the cloth, or created sequential patterns of their own. The front of this booth was crowded several deep with impressed passers-by. Shirt embedded with thin LED lighting   But the most impressive development to me was a remote robotic exoskeleton that helped a handicapped person assemble parts. Another person operated the exoskeleton remotely, watching a tv monitor as the exoskeleton wrapped itself around the patient, with two clawed arms acting as ersatz hands. Then there was VR180, not at the back of the show but at the back of the Google booth. I'd never heard of it, and the demo jock was apologetically undetailed about what it entailed, so I looked it up. It's a file format created by YouTube to combine two versions of a scene: 180-degree 3D, when seen with a VR viewer Wide-angle 2D, when viewed on a regular screen The VR180 booth   What we saw at the VR180 table were a few dual-lens cameras that take images in the VR180 format, starting from $250. "Interesting, I wonder how useful it actually is," said my daughter. Why 180 degrees? Research by Google found that people wearing VR goggles spend roughly 75% of their time viewing the front 90 degrees of a 360-degree environment. I am unsurprised to learn this, as none of us are owls, and so in the real world we never twist our necks around to see behind us; that's what ears are for -- they give us our 360-degree surveillance. Learn more about VR360 from https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/04/the-first-3d-camera-built-on-google-vr180-tech-arrives/ I learned to be careful when encountering the word "construction" at Siggraph, because it might not mean what I think it to mean. Contruct3D, for instance, is an upcoming conference on 3D printing. Doxel, by contrast, is AI for construction sites: "Our deep-learning based 3D semantic understanding algorithms automatically measure progress on construction sites, at a hyper-granular level and with superhuman accuracy" through autonomous robots collecting LIDAR scans and high-resolution photographs of unfinished buildings. https://www.doxel.ai/   Benchmarking by SPEC I met with the co-chairs of SPEC (Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation), the software and workstation benchmarking group made up of makers of workstations, graphics boards, and CAD and DCC software. We spent an informal half-hour chatting about trends in MCAD and computing.  The group released updated benchmarks for Solidworks during the week of Siggraph, with Creo 4 being the next on the software benchmark release schedule. On the hardware side, SPEC will soon be releasing an updated benchmark suite (apps and test files) for workstations, named version 3, complete with some tests that employ GPUs.  Some of their future plans involve... Determining which add-on software to include in benchmarks, such as external FEA systems Including more 3D models, especially complex ones for specific MCAD systems Finding a way to include Catia from Dassault Systemes So, write bobc@cramco.com if you... Have suggestions for commonly-used add-ons for your CAD system Have complex 3D models in native MCAD formats to contribute (you get credit!) Have an in with Dassault so that Catia can be added to SPEC's benchmarks https://spec.org/benchmarks.html   Generative Design by nTopology nTopology is one of a group of very small, very new CAD-related firms run by very bright people who have spotted opportunities in niches. Three of the nTopology's programmers came out from New York to look for technology at Siggraph that could possibly assist their software, and so spent a 3/4-hour with me. Variable lattices designed by nTopology Their software generates incredibly complex lattice designs incredibly quickly, yet through a dead-simple interface. Whereas the lattice design capabilities in mainstream CAD software, like NX, fills volumes with simple repetitions, nTopology does variable lattice designs with variable spacing and variable thickness of members. These are needed where the surface areas are curved, and  where more (or less) strength is required -- or where the design requires it. For instance, where stainless steel meets bone, a coarser lattice is needed. Designs can be sent directly to 3D printers, bypassing the need for triangulation. The demo jock gave me a preview of version 2 of the software, but then paused: "Maybe I wasn't supposed to show it to you yet." I have already scheduled a second look at the software once it's announced.  I won't say more than this: these guys have figured out how to present 3D models mathematically rather using traditional modeling kernels, which gives their system its extreme speed. Either that, or it is due to the Razer Blade Stealth 13 laptops that each one of them brandished. https://www.ntopology.com   Jon Peddie Luncheon The highlight of each Siggraph is the luncheon put on by Jon Peddie Associates for the rest of us in the media. Reporters always love the free food in the five-star Pan Pacific hotel, following which Mr Peddie gives us a brief industry overview, hosts a panel discussion, and then the highlight, gives aways valuable prizes, like top-end laptops from Dell, HP, and Lenovo. Well, it's a highlight for those who win something. Mr Peddie's research found that hardware and software spending in DCC is at roughly a 50/50 split, a healthy sign, he says. When hardware spending greatly exceeds software, he feels this is a sign that a market is immature. The five members on the panel discussed the usefulness of DCC on the cloud. Some were highly enthusiastic, because they had products that operate that way. The other panelists were more circumspect, saying balance is appropriate. The developer of Blender intoned that the bulk of the processing power belongs on the desktop, and that the cloud is appropriate primarily for file sharing. http://www.siggraph.com   ARES KUDO: MODERN DWG EDITING IN THE CLOUD   ARES Kudo is the only online CAD solution offering a full set of 2D features to read, create, modify, and share DWG and DXF drawings. Nothing to install. It runs in your Web browser and your files follow you on any device. ARES Kudo is integrated with cloud storage services like Google Drive, Dropbox, Box, OneDrive, OneDrive for Business -- and industry-specific solutions such as Onshape and Trimble Connect.  Visit www.graebert.com/areskudo to learn more and activate your own free trial at kudo.graebert.com Sponsor: Okino Graphics == Converting 3D CAD & DCC to Virtual/ Augmented Reality ==   With the explosive growth of VR/AR, the ultra-massive 3D datasets produced by CAD and DCC programs need efficient conversion to the popular Unity and Unreal development platforms. Okino of Toronto is the long-time provider of the PolyTrans|CAD translator, which easily handles the interactive datasets required by VR and AR for Microsoft HoloLens, HTC VIVE, Oculus Rift, Meta, and other VR headsets.   PolyTrans provides you with... Massive dataset handling Node compression Adaptive CAD tessellation Intelligent polygon reduction  Popular CAD data sources include SolidWorks, ProE/Creo, Inventor, AutoCAD, Revit, Navisworks, DGN, IGES, STEP, Parasolid, and JT. DCC data sources are Cinema-4D, 3ds Max, Maya, FBX/Collada, and many more.   Perfected over three decades, we know 3D data translation intimately, providing you with highly personalized solutions, education, and communication. Contact CTO Robert Lansdale at lansd@okino.com  www.okino.com The Rest of the News Kubotek 3D's multi-threaded geometric modeling module is named Kosmos Core Modeler. The Kosmos framework includes data structures from... Dassault CGM Spatial ACIS Siemens PLM Parasolid It runs "on all significant operating systems." www.kubotek3d.com/products/kosmos  - - - In this day when Dropbox no longer hands out free online storage, you can boost the 15GB Google gives you free with 5GB free from Siemens PLM by signing up with their SolidEdge Portal. Plus, you get an online MCAD viewer that works on most devices. solidedgeportal.sws.siemens.com - - - PTC, which sells augmented reality software, issues its own research predicting that lots and lots of companies are going to buy AR within the next year. businesswire.com/news/home/20180816005517/en/  - - - Doxel uses autonomous robots casting LIDAR scans around construction sites to automatically generate daily progress reports. www.doxel.ai  - - - Because nobody in real life twists their neck around to see everything around: "Despite viewers being able to look around in 360-degree videos [in VR], Google found that people spent 75% of their time focusing on the 90 degrees in front of them." t.co/7ITHWDrWta - - - SPEC updates its Solidworks performance benchmark with 9 graphics and 2 CPU test: RealView, ambient occlusion, shadows with shaded and shaded-with-edges display Tessellation and PhotoView360 rendering of 10 models with up to 4.75-million triangles www.spec.org/gwpg/publish/sw2017_rel - - - Stabiplan offers the BIM Phrasebook with explanations of terms used in BIM. Download the PDF from constructible.trimble.com/flipbooks/bim-phrasebook-pocket-guide (requires submitting an email address). - - - Where Google hides location tracking, and how to turn it off: 1. Go to apps on an Android phone 2. Tap Google 3. Ignore deliberate distractions 4. Tap hamburger menu 5. Tap Settings 6. Tap Google Activity Controls 7. Tap Web & App Activity 8. Turn it off (well, Google calls it Paused.) - - - ITI updates CADfix 12 simplification, translation, and repair software with... FBX, OBJ, XGL, ZGL formats Macro record and playback CAD model to CAE mesh comparison auto subdivide of CAD faces to quad regions 3D hex-skin partitioning tool info.iti-global.com/blog/cadfix-12  - - - For late-breaking CAD news, follow upFront.eZine on Twitter at @upfrontezine. Letters to the Editor Re: Conspiracy Never thought I’d find some decidedly non-CAD content on upFront.eZine. Your book review was a fascinating read.     - Dennis Nagy     BeyondCAE The editor replies: I'll have another book review for you in a few weeks. - - - There are various incorrect uses of Theil (vs. Thiel) in the review.     - Kean Walmsley     Autodesk The editor replies: I have fired the copy editor. - - - Interesting story. But I really hate the idle rich.     - CADman   Re: Graebert Makes Kudo Pervasive 1. Loved your comments re tariffs. I think the third one alone pretty much nailed it.  2. IoT: It's not just a matter of "who owns the data" but it's also "who takes the hit if/when mistakes are made?"​     - Bill Fane   Re: Al Dean explains why Autodesk running generative design in the cloud is wrong Al Dean wrote: "Autodesk’s Generative Design tools run on GPUs, specifically CUDA. GPUs are cheap. Folks could stack out a machine and do the computation on their own hardware -- as they do now for rendering and viz[ulization]." GPUs are NOT that cheap. Perhaps they are slightly less expensive than CPUs when you compare them on a transistor-by-transistor basis (an AMD 1950X has 9.6B transistors at $780, whereas a GTX 1080Ti has 12B transistors for $800).  However, the idea that it's trivial to stuff half a dozen high-end GPUs in a workstation is ludicrous, as is that such a system would compare at all to the hundreds or thousands of GPU resources in the cloud.  The number of GPUs you can put in a system is tied directly to the CPU you have. A typical Intel desktop CPU has 16 PCIe lanes meaning you can have one GPU running at 16x, or at most at 8x speed. High-end desktop CPUs like the Core i9 and Threadripper provide 24, 44, or even up to 64 PCIe lanes, but some of those are dedicated to PCIex4 lanes for M.2 SSDs and the like. Those Core i9s aren't cheap either, with the price of admission around $1,000 for the CPU alone. All told you might get up to 3 or 4 GPUs in a high-end box. Above that, you could go all out and get 8 Quadro P6000 GPUs in an Nvidia Visual Computing Appliance (VCA), which at $6,500 a pop would set you back at least around $60,000.  Even if you build out a GPU farm on your network using a Backburner like technology you need more than a few high-end PCs that aren't doing anything else. Compare that huge outlay to get suboptimum performance to the vastly better performance available in cloud computing, where you have just the rather petty inconvenience of paying for such software and services (horrors!)      - Matthew Stachoni (via WorldCAD Access) The editor replies: Other software firms are able to run their generative design on desktop computers without needing GPUs.   Thank You, Readers! Thank you to readers who donate towards the operation of upFront.eZine: Martin van der Roest: "A subscriber for years, and will continue for as long as you are doing this. I appreciate your writing and insights. Great job." Todd Majeski: "Keep up the great reporting!" Should you wish to support upFront.eZine through PayPal, then the suggested amounts are like these: $25 for individuals > paypal.me/upfrontezine/25 $150 for small companies > paypal.me/upfrontezine/150 $750 for for large companies > paypal.me/upfrontezine/750 Should Paypal.me not operate in your country, then please use www.paypal.com and the account of grabowski@telus.net. Or mail a cheque (US$ or CDN$ only, please) to upFront.eZine Publishing, Ltd., 34486 Donlyn Avenue, Abbotsford BC, V2S 4W7, Canada.   Notable Quotable "The aspirational statements leap out at us like salmon trying to get home."       - Andrew Orlowski

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Conspiracy: Peter Thiel, Hulk Hogan, Gawker, and the Anatomy of Intrigue

Issue #988

 

Book written by Ryan Holiday; reviewed by Ralph Grabowski

 

During high school English, we bored teenagers were taught about three kinds of conflict presented by fiction: man vs nature, man vs man, and man vs himself. All three present themselves in that odious short story we were to read, Leiningen Versus the Ants. Odious, because I don't care for fiction. There is so much that fascinates me in the real world of non-fiction for me to devour during my three-score-and-ten. One beloved topic of non-fiction is the corporate biography: man vs corporation. A man by the name of Peter Thiel was outed as gay by a corporation by the name of Gawker Media. Mr Thiel's friends knew about his orientation, but it was not more widely known. He resented the outing, as he wanted to be known as the most significant technology investor, and not be relegated to the sub-category of most significant gay technology investor.  Peter Thiel (image source Business Insider) The result is a thriller of what happens when the very rich turn on the other very rich. Mr Thiel spent three years fuming about the unwanted outing, wondering how he could get back at Gawker, or if he even should get back at Gawker. One day in Berlin he met with a 25-year-old Wunderkind who bravely told him, Give me access to ten million dollars and I will figure out how to take Gawker down. After a few questions, Mr Thiel agreed. (We never learn how the two got to meet.) Mr A (as the unknown Millennial is known) had no plan except to look for a plan. His thesis was that given (effectively) unlimited funds and a few years, a crack could be found, and the offending party attacked. Mr A found a lawyer who proved in the long run to be a loyal compatriot. Loyalty is a sure thing, I am sure, when it is priced at $550/hour. The lawyer began formulating his strategy. The offense could not be based on the First Amendment (Freedom of Speech), as America's legal precedents fiercely protect the media's right to be odious. The attack had to be based on another strategy, but what? Nick Denton, owner of Gawker Media (image source New York Times)   Wanted: Total Annihilation A team of paralegals and interns poured over a million stories posted by and about Gawker Media, looking for the angle. There were plenty of sleazy stories to sue over, but the team was looking for the knock-out punch, a story so serious that it would drive Gawker Media out of business and leave owner Nick Denton ruined. Meanwhile, Gawker survived the many law suits it faced over its hateful stories. No legal action ever got further than a negotiated settlement; none ever reached the discovery stage. The maximum payout for one reached $100,000, which the company could afford with its $1-million liability insurance policy.  The repeated losses gave the abused loss of hope. The repeated wins gave Gawker writers permission to be ever more explicit in posting illicit sex tapes, without seeking permission from those involved. Their revenge porn was slimed with the veneer of editorial truth-telling. These were writers who had no editors. The job of the editor is to filter, but Gawker writers were expected to post eight stories a day, with the size of the paycheques directly attached to the numbers of page-views. The baser the story, the more it fascinated some Americans, the bigger the miserly paycheque. There was no time for editors, whose sensible rewrites would have reduced payouts. Gawker's non-stop wins, however, finally presented Mr Theil's legal team with a willing victim, Hulk Hogan, who claimed to have been enticed to have sex with his best friend's wife, while the "friend" recorded it with two hidden cameras onto DVD discs. The discs were kept secret, but somehow, after some years, they leaked to TMZ, who begged Gawker to post the videos -- so that TMZ could link back to them with sanctimonious leering.  Terry "Hulk Hogan" Bollea during the trial (image source Market Tamer) Mr Theil's lawyer gave Mr Hogan an offer he couldn't refuse: we'll cover all your legal expenses. They posted their law suit against Gawker in federal and Florida court (where Mr Hogan lived), asking for $100 million in damages. The case was based on the Fourth Amendment, the right to privacy. Federal court quickly threw out the case, while the Florida court eventually accepted it, but did not require Gawker to take down the videos. Later, when the court reversed itself, Gawker mocked the court in print and kept the videos running anyhow. Then Mr Hogan's Los Angeles-based lawyer learned a fortuitous fact: if Gawker lost the case in Florida and if they then wanted to appeal it, they would have to post a bond for the amount that they lost, to a maximum of $50 million. As Mr Hogan was asking for $100 million, Gawker would have to post a $50-million bond, ensuring the bankruptcy for the company. A loss would be the win.   Wounded by a Thousand Blows Gawker's lawyers thew up all kinds of delaying tactics, naturally, but much to Mr Denton's shock the case finally got to the discovery stage. He (and his other senior staff, who also had to answer questions) had never done this before, didn't think the case would go any further, and so didn't take discovery seriously. (Discovery is when lawyers on each side interview witnesses separately and outside of court to learn more facts before starting the format court case.) This lead to the infamous, off-hand remark by one editor who acknowledged, under oath, sure, he would run a video of sex with children, but the child couldn't be younger than four years old. Meanwhile, the glib world of Gawker was under attack from within and without. Its underpaid writers were fond of mocking wealthy people and firms who stored their riches overseas; to their horror, they learned that their boss, Mr Denton, stored his firm's vast profits overseas in Hungary. The writers were keen to uncover firms that did not pay interns, and so unpaid interns at Gawker sued to form a union in order to get paid. Gawker writers enjoyed outing both gays and non-gays (as alleged gays), but Mr Denton had been paying his writers to keep his gay wedding secret. In the court of public opinion, Gawker fell in status from scrappy underdog to junkyard dog. There were some attempts at a reconciliation. In an early one, Gawker mocked Mr Hogan with an arrogant settlement offer: stop irritating us and we might consider taking down the videos. The insult gave Mr Hogan new determination, as he had been getting dispirited over the slow pace of justice. In turn, from behind the scenes Mr A's lawyer rev'ed up more law suits from people hurt by Gawker, firing them off as a distraction tactic from the true aim: destroy Mr Denton.  At some point, the merciless Mr Denton showed a modicum of remorse over what he had done to a fellow gay man, and so reached out by email to Mr Theil, but his request to perhaps have a coffee together was ignored. It was too late for sorry.  Gawker's lawyers next offered Mr Hogan a series of settlements that eventually reached $10 million -- but none was ever accompanied by an apology. They were mistaken in thinking that their enemy was the Hulk; the real enemy could not be bought. Mr Hogan rejected the eight-figure settlement as an insult, as he felt that Gawker was paying him to be a quitter, which he wasn't. He instinctively felt that the huge settlement size meant that Gawker was frightened of the upcoming trial. At this point, we are seven years into the story. Mr Thiel remained hidden from the frontline activities, communicating with Mr A only by telephone or in-person in homes, dis- and approving strategies, and signing cheques. Mr A passed on instructions to the lawyer. There could be no accidental sighting at a local restaurant, and so Mr A stayed largely in Germany, the lawyer from Los Angeles fought the case in Florida, and Mr Thiel hovered in places like San Francisco and New Zealand, deliberately physically disconnected from Gawker in New York City. (A leak occurred, however, when Mr A posted a picture of himself on social media, with the location marked as a Florida county near the courthouse.) To prepare for the trial, Mr A spent $100,000 on two mock courts, with local jurors, to learn the archetype most sympathetic to the Hulk's plight: overweight women, who also are mocked on the Internet. When the actual jury selection was completed, Mr Hogan's lawyer ensured that three of the six jurors were overweight women; two others were aw-shucks kinds of guys who resented the sleek elite descending from New Yawk City.  In both mock trials, the juries awarded the plaintiff nearly $150 million in damages. In the real trial, the jury awarded $141 million after just six hours of deliberation. In part, Gawker lost because of the location of the trial, but also because their strategy assumed there would be a settlement on the courthouse steps. Their lawyers hadn't even bothered to prep their witnesses properly.   The Aftermath The end of the trial was not the end of the trials. Some two years later, Forbes magazine outed the billionaire behind the destruction of Gawker. The mainstream media flipped from being incensed over Gawker to being incensed over billionaires bringing about the end of the free press. The mainstream media never, ever reminds its readers that most of them are owned by billionaires. And they conveniently got a case of amnesia that the case was not about freedom of speech, but freedom of privacy. Mr Denton used his platform (while he still had one) to lash out at Mr Thiel. In turn, Mr Thiel's bankruptcy lawyers harassed Gawker over bankruptcy expenses, such as limiting the cost for the Gawker shut-down party to $1,000. Mr Thiel's lawyers launched even more law suits against Gawker, such as one one behalf of a man Gawker had disparaged as the inventor of email. At one point, the bankruptcy receivers threatened to sue Mr Thiel for having caused the bankruptcy. The two antagonists did meet in person, because they felt they had an obligation to do so as men, but nothing came of it.  The mainstream media today feels comfortable characterizing Mr Thiel, a conservative gay Christian, as a weirdo. If instead Mr Theil had taken down Brietbart, he would be celebrated as a hero, the author speculates. After ten years, the two sides spent $20 million on legal matters, with the Hulk in the end winning $30 million. The author summarizes the two sides like this: Gawker failed to plan for losing the trial, while the Theil-A-lawyer team failed to plan for what to do after winning the trial.   The Anatomy of Intrigue Ryan Holiday is a terrific writer, one who makes you want to read non-stop to the end of 'Conspiracy'. But every so often he ruins his style with too much philosophizing about whether conspiracies are legit -- sure, discuss it once, and then leave it alone, but he can't!  There is w-a-a-a-y too little detail about the climax of the story. For the two-week-long court case, the author quotes exactly one exchange with a witness, but makes us suffer in every single chapter over Was it wrong? Was it right? Maybe it was wrong? Maybe it was right? Perhaps the word "Anatomy" in the title serves as a warning. Nevertheless, this incident will remain an important event in the history of Western Civilization -- of spurned rich man vs arrogant rich man -- and so I look forward to a retelling by an author with an eye for detail. - - - Conspiracy: Peter Thiel, Hulk Hogan, Gawker, and the Anatomy of Intrigue by Ryan Holiday 336 pages Published by Portfolio, February 2018 ISBN-10: 0783118457 ISBN-13: 978-0735217645 ARES KUDO: MODERN DWG EDITING IN THE CLOUD   ARES Kudo is the only online CAD solution offering a full set of 2D features to read, create, modify, and share DWG and DXF drawings. Nothing to install. It runs in your Web browser and your files follow you on any device. ARES Kudo is integrated with cloud storage services like Google Drive, Dropbox, Box, OneDrive, OneDrive for Business -- and industry-specific solutions such as Onshape and Trimble Connect.  Visit www.graebert.com/areskudo to learn more and activate your own free trial at kudo.graebert.com Thank You, Readers! Thank you to readers who donate towards the operation of upFront.eZine: Kevin Kaurin: "Thank you for what you are doing!" Opentree Ltd (small business donation): "Thanks for the excellent ezines." Should you wish to support upFront.eZine through PayPal, then the suggested amounts are like these: $25 for individuals > paypal.me/upfrontezine/25 $150 for small companies > paypal.me/upfrontezine/150 $750 for for large companies > paypal.me/upfrontezine/750 Should Paypal.me not operate in your country, then please use www.paypal.com and the account of grabowski@telus.net. Or mail a cheque (US$ or CDN$ only, please) to upFront.eZine Publishing, Ltd., 34486 Donlyn Avenue, Abbotsford BC, V2S 4W7, Canada.   Notable Quotable "We turn the handle and – boof! – out comes a number."     - Margrethe Vestager, competition commissioner, EU www.theregister.co.uk/2018/07/18/european_commission_fines_google_over_android/

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